See calvaria on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calvāria",
"4": "",
"5": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Latin calvāria (“skull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calvarium",
"3": "calavera",
"4": "calvary"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calvariae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvarias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvariae",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calvarial"
},
{
"word": "calvarian"
},
{
"word": "intracalvarial"
},
{
"word": "subcalvarial"
},
{
"word": "subcalvarian"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
89
]
],
"ref": "2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:",
"text": "CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap."
],
"id": "en-calvaria-en-noun-MmrPcTyC",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"dome",
"dome"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"skull",
"skull"
],
[
"skullcap",
"skullcap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "calvarium"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schädelkalotte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schädeldecke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schädeldach"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "koponyatető"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "koponyaboltozat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "fejtető"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calotă craniană"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.ə"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unadapted borrowing"
},
"expansion": "unadapted borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By the standard Latin plural inflection -a for Latin nouns ending in -um (second declension). The word calvarium was a New Latin coinage from earlier Latin calvaria, and English naturalized it and its plural form intact via unadapted borrowing, as well as allowing a regularized English plural, calvariums; it also did the same thing with calvaria, calvariae, calvarias (first declension), as well.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "calvaria",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English plurals in -a with singular in -um",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
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"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "30 59 4 7",
"kind": "other",
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{
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"kind": "other",
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],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calvarium"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of calvarium"
],
"id": "en-calvaria-en-noun-fENcRqQL",
"links": [
[
"calvarium",
"calvarium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.ə"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Skeleton",
"orig": "la:Skeleton",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "calvāriola"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "calavera"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "canavera"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "calavera"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "caveira"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "caveira"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "caaveira"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "calavera"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvaria"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvari"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Calvary"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvario"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calbari"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "calvaire"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "calvet"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cauvaire"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvario"
}
],
"lang": "Ecclesiastical Latin",
"lang_code": "la-ecc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "calvārium"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "flat stone",
"word": "tsarvayrõ"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"toponym"
],
"word": "ϑarvẹrõ"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*calvāriō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "flat stone",
"word": "tsarvayrõ"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"toponym"
],
"word": "ϑarvẹrõ"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "calvāriōnem"
}
],
"lang": "Derived forms",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "calvus<t:bald>",
"4": "-āria",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kl̥H-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalVwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calvaria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"calvaria\">\nFrom calvus (“bald”) + -āria.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From calvus (“bald”) + -āria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calvāria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāria",
"links": [
[
"calvāria",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriārum",
"links": [
[
"calvāriārum",
"calvariarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriīs",
"links": [
[
"calvāriīs",
"calvariis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriam",
"links": [
[
"calvāriam",
"calvariam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriās",
"links": [
[
"calvāriās",
"calvarias#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriā",
"links": [
[
"calvāriā",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriīs",
"links": [
[
"calvāriīs",
"calvariis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāria",
"links": [
[
"calvāria",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvāria<1>"
},
"expansion": "calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvāria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a skull"
],
"id": "en-calvaria-la-noun-wYnyoDNy",
"links": [
[
"skull",
"skull"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "calva"
},
{
"word": "testa"
},
{
"word": "crānium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -aria",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Calvary"
],
"id": "en-calvaria-la-noun-gFX6HGhE",
"links": [
[
"capitalized",
"capitalisation"
],
[
"Calvary",
"Calvary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(capitalized) Calvary"
],
"tags": [
"capitalized",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫˈwaː.ri.a]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kalˈvaː.ri.a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calvaria",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calvar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular conditional of calvar"
],
"id": "en-calvaria-pt-verb-frC4Yg-V",
"links": [
[
"calvar",
"calvar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.ə",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.ə/4 syllables",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calvarial"
},
{
"word": "calvarian"
},
{
"word": "intracalvarial"
},
{
"word": "subcalvarial"
},
{
"word": "subcalvarian"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "calvāria",
"4": "",
"5": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Latin calvāria (“skull”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "calvarium",
"3": "calavera",
"4": "calvary"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin calvāria (“skull”). Doublet of calvarium, calavera, and calvary.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calvariae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvarias",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvariae",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "calvaria (plural calvariae or calvarias)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
89
]
],
"ref": "2008 December 10, Charles K. F. Chan et al., “Endochondral ossification is required for haematopoietic stem-cell niche formation”, in Nature, volume 457, number 7228, →DOI:",
"text": "CD105 Thy1- progenitor populations derived from regions of the fetal mandible or calvaria that do not undergo endochondral ossification formed only bone without marrow in our assay.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"dome",
"dome"
],
[
"roof",
"roof"
],
[
"skull",
"skull"
],
[
"skullcap",
"skullcap"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The dome or roof of the skull, the skullcap."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "calvarium"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.ə"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schädelkalotte"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Schädeldecke"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Schädeldach"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "koponyatető"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "koponyaboltozat"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"word": "fejtető"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "the dome or roof of the skull",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calotă craniană"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English noun forms",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.ə",
"Rhymes:English/ɛəɹi.ə/4 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "unadapted borrowing"
},
"expansion": "unadapted borrowing",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "By the standard Latin plural inflection -a for Latin nouns ending in -um (second declension). The word calvarium was a New Latin coinage from earlier Latin calvaria, and English naturalized it and its plural form intact via unadapted borrowing, as well as allowing a regularized English plural, calvariums; it also did the same thing with calvaria, calvariae, calvarias (first declension), as well.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "calvaria",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English plurals in -a with singular in -um"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calvarium"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plural of calvarium"
],
"links": [
[
"calvarium",
"calvarium#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛəɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kælˈvɛɹi.ə/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛəɹi.ə"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 4-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kl̥H-",
"Latin terms suffixed with -aria",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Anatomy",
"la:Skeleton"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "calvāriola"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "calavera"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "canavera"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "calavera"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "caveira"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "caveira"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "caaveira"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "calavera"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvaria"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvari"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Calvary"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvario"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calbari"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "calvaire"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "calvet"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cauvaire"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "calvario"
}
],
"lang": "Ecclesiastical Latin",
"lang_code": "la-ecc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "calvārium"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "flat stone",
"word": "tsarvayrõ"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"toponym"
],
"word": "ϑarvẹrõ"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*calvāriō"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "flat stone",
"word": "tsarvayrõ"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"toponym"
],
"word": "ϑarvẹrõ"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "calvāriōnem"
}
],
"lang": "Derived forms",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "calvus<t:bald>",
"4": "-āria",
"text": "+"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kl̥H-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalVwos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calvus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent noun\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"nom.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Nominalization of\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suffix\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āzios\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"nominalization\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ārius\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"nominal\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-a\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-āria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calvaria\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"calvaria\">\nFrom calvus (“bald”) + -āria.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From calvus (“bald”) + -āria.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "calvāria",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāria",
"links": [
[
"calvāria",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriārum",
"links": [
[
"calvāriārum",
"calvariarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriīs",
"links": [
[
"calvāriīs",
"calvariis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriam",
"links": [
[
"calvāriam",
"calvariam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriās",
"links": [
[
"calvāriās",
"calvarias#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriā",
"links": [
[
"calvāriā",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriīs",
"links": [
[
"calvāriīs",
"calvariis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāria",
"links": [
[
"calvāria",
"calvaria#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "calvāriae",
"links": [
[
"calvāriae",
"calvariae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvāria<1>"
},
"expansion": "calvāria f (genitive calvāriae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "calvāria<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a skull"
],
"links": [
[
"skull",
"skull"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "calva"
},
{
"word": "testa"
},
{
"word": "crānium"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Calvary"
],
"links": [
[
"capitalized",
"capitalisation"
],
[
"Calvary",
"Calvary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(capitalized) Calvary"
],
"tags": [
"capitalized",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaɫˈwaː.ri.a]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[kalˈvaː.ri.a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "calvaria",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "calvar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first/third-person singular conditional of calvar"
],
"links": [
[
"calvar",
"calvar#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"form-of",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "calvaria"
}
Download raw JSONL data for calvaria meaning in All languages combined (13.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.